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1 the wheels of progress
Макаров: силы прогрессаУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > the wheels of progress
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2 (the) wheels of progress
English-Russian combinatory dictionary > (the) wheels of progress
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3 wheel
1. noun1) Rad, das[potter's] wheel — Töpferscheibe, die
[roulette] wheel — Roulett, das
put or set the wheels in motion — (fig.) die Sache in Gang setzen
the wheels of bureaucracy turn slowly — (fig.) die Mühlen der Bürokratie mahlen langsam
2. transitive verbleft/right wheel — Links-/Rechtsschwenkung, die
1) (turn round) wenden2) (push) schieben3. intransitive verbwheel oneself — (in a wheelchair) fahren
1) kehrtmachen2)Phrasal Verbs:- academic.ru/81903/wheel_about">wheel about- wheel in- wheel out- wheel round* * *[wi:l] 1. noun1) (a circular frame or disc turning on a rod or axle, on which vehicles etc move along the ground: A bicycle has two wheels, a tricycle three, and most cars four; a cartwheel.) das Rad2) (any of several things similar in shape and action: a potter's wheel; He was found drunk at the wheel (= steering-wheel) of his car.) die Scheibe, das Steuer2. verb1) (to cause to move on wheels: He wheeled his bicycle along the path.) schieben, rollen3) ((of birds) to fly in circles.) kreisen•- wheeled- -wheeled
- wheelbarrow
- wheelchair
- wheelhouse
- wheelwright* * *[wi:l]I. nfront/rear \wheel Vorder-/Hinterrad nt▪ to be on \wheels Rollen habenkeep your hands on the \wheel! lass die Hände am Steuer!3. (vehicle)set of \wheels Schlitten m slthe \wheel of fortune das Glücksradthe \wheel of life der Kreis des Lebens5. ( fig)the \wheels of bureaucracy move very slowly die Mühlen der Bürokratie mahlen sehr langsamto set the \wheels in motion die Sache in Gang bringen6. (at fairground)the [big] \wheel das Riesenrad7. (shape)a \wheel of cheese ein Laib m Käse8.▶ to spin one's \wheels AM Däumchen drehenII. vtto \wheel a pram along einen Kinderwagen schieben▪ to \wheel in sth etw hereinrollenIII. vi kreisen* * *[wiːl]1. n1) Rad nt; (= steering wheel) Lenkrad nt; (NAUT) Steuer(rad) nt; (= roulette wheel) Drehscheibe f; (= paddle wheel) Schaufelrad nt; (= potter's wheel) (Töpfer)scheibe fat the wheel (lit) — am Steuer; (fig also) am Ruder
the wheels of progress — der Fortschritt; (in history) die Weiterentwicklung
the wheels of government/justice — die Mühlen der Regierung/der Gerechtigkeit
wheels within wheels — gewisse Verbindungen or Beziehungen
a wheel to the right, a right wheel — eine Schwenkung nach rechts, eine Rechtsschwenkung
3) pl (inf: car) fahrbare(r) Untersatz (hum inf)do you have wheels? — bist du motorisiert? (inf)
2. vtthe cripple wheeled himself into the room/along — der Krüppel fuhr mit seinem Rollstuhl ins Zimmer/fuhr in seinem Rollstuhl
2) (= cause to turn) drehen3. vi(= turn) drehen; (birds, planes) kreisen; (MIL) schwenkento wheel left — nach links schwenken
* * *wheel [wiːl; hwiːl]A s3. SCHIFF Steuer-, Ruderrad na) am Steuer (of von oder gen),b) fig am Ruder;take the wheel fahren5. umgb) pl AUTO Wagen m, fahrbarer Untersatz umg6. HIST Rad n (Folterinstrument):break sb on the wheel jemanden rädern oder aufs Rad flechten;7. fig (Glücks) Rad n:a sudden turn of the wheel eine plötzliche (Schicksals)Wende8. fig Rad n, treibende Kraft, pl Räder(werk) pl(n), Getriebe n:the wheels of government die Regierungsmaschinerie;the wheels of history were beginning to turn das Rad der Geschichte begann sich zu drehen;wheels within wheels ein kompliziertes Räderwerk;a) die wahren Gründe etc sind nur schwer zu durchschauen,b) die Dinge sind komplizierter, als sie aussehen9. Drehung f, Kreis(bewegung) m(f)10. MIL Schwenkung f:right (left) wheel! rechts (links) schwenkt!B v/t1. drehen, im Kreis bewegen2. MIL eine Schwenkung ausführen lassen3. ein Fahrrad, einen Kinderwagen, einen Patienten im Rollstuhl etc schieben, einen Servierwagen etc auch rollenC v/i1. sich (im Kreis) drehen, (Vögel, Flugzeug) kreisen2. MIL schwenken:wheel to the right (left) eine Rechts-(Links)schwenkung machen3. rollen, fahren4. besonders US umg radeln* * *1. noun1) Rad, das[potter's] wheel — Töpferscheibe, die
[roulette] wheel — Roulett, das
reinvent the wheel — (fig.) sich mit Problemen aufhalten, die längst gelöst sind
put or set the wheels in motion — (fig.) die Sache in Gang setzen
the wheels of bureaucracy turn slowly — (fig.) die Mühlen der Bürokratie mahlen langsam
2. transitive verbleft/right wheel — Links-/Rechtsschwenkung, die
1) (turn round) wenden2) (push) schieben3. intransitive verbwheel oneself — (in a wheelchair) fahren
1) kehrtmachen2)Phrasal Verbs:- wheel in* * *n.Laufrad -¨er n.Rad ¨-er n. -
4 wheel
1. n1) колесо; коліщаwith wheels down (up) — ав. з випущеними (піднятими) шасі
2) стернове (рульове) колесо; штурвалman at the wheel — стерновий, рульовий; водій; перен. керманич, керівник
3) тех. зубчасте колесо; шестірня, триб4) кружляння, крутіння; коло, оберт5) pl перен. механізм; рушійні сили6) колесо фортуни (тж Fortune's wheel); фортуна, щастя7) прядка8) гончарний круг9) амер. велосипед10) дитяча коляска11) pl амер., розм. автомобіль12) розм. важна персона, велике цабе (тж big wheel)13) військ. заходження флангомwheel and axle — тех. коловорот, корба
wheel assembly — ав. колісне шасі
wheel barrage — військ. пересувний загороджувальний вогонь
wheel cap — авт. ковпак маточини колеса
wheel drive — тех. привод коліс
wheel gearing — тех. зубчаста передача
wheel head — тех. шліфувальна головка
wheel load — тиск коліс; тиск на колесо
wheel slip — тех. пробуксовка коліс
wheel track — слід коліс; колія
to break on the wheel — іст. колесувати
wheels within wheels — складний взаємозв'язок (інтересів тощо); бібл. колесо в колесі
2. v1) котити, везти (тачку тощо)2) котитися, рухатися на колесах3) кружляти; повертатися; обертатися; крутитися4) крутити; обертати; вертіти (щось)5) їхати на велосипеді6) іст. колесувати7) військ. заходити з флангуwheel about — зробити повний оберт; повністю змінити свою позицію
wheel round — повертатися; крутитися; кружляти
to wheel and deal — амер., розм. орудувати (чимсь); вершити (справи тощо); чинити махінації
* * *I [wiːl] n1) колесо; коліщаткоfront [back] wheel — переднє [заднє]колесо
landing wheels — aв. шасі
wheels down [up] — aв. шасі випущено [прибрано]
2) рульове колесо, штурвал; баранкаto be at the wheel — бути /знаходитися/ за кермом; вести судно, автомобіль; бути керівником, стояти на чолі (чого-н.)
"don't speak to the man at the wheel" — "не розмовляти з водієм"
3) кружляння, коло, оберт4) рулетка6) pl механізм; рухомі сили7) cл. важлива особа ( в організації)8) мережа театрів або місць розваги9) cпopт. клас10) приспів, рефрен11) прядка12) cл. велосипед; дитяча коляска; pl; cл.; cл. автомобіль:13) вiйcьк. захід флангомright [left] wheel! — праве ( ліве) плече вперед!
14) тex. зубчасте колесо, шестірня; маховик15) гончарний круг ( potter's wheel)••to break on the wheel — icт. колесувати
to break a butterfly /a fly/ on the wheel s — стріляти з пушки по горобцям
II [wiːl] vwheels within wheels — складний взаємозв'язок (інтриг, інтересів); перехресний або таємний вплив; бібл. колесо в колесі
1) катити, підкатити; везтиto wheel the rubbish to the dump — відвезти сміття на звалище; котитися; рухатися на колесах
2) описувати кола; повертатися; вертітися; обертатися ( wheel round)sea-gulls wheeled in the air above me — наді мною кружляли чайки; вертіти, кружити, повертати (що-н.)
3) ( wheel about) зробити повний оберт; повністю змінити свою позицію••wheel and deal — cл.; cл. заправляти (чим-н.); вершити ( справи); робити махінації
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5 wheel
1. [wi:l] n1. колесо; колёсикоfront [back] wheel - переднее [заднее] колесо
landing wheels - ав. шасси
wheels down [up] - ав. шасси выпущено [убрано]
2. рулевое колесо, штурвал; разг. баранкаto be at the wheel - а) быть /находиться/ за рулём; вести судно, автомобиль и т. п.; б) быть руководителем, стоять во главе (чего-л.)
❝don't speak to the man at the wheel❞ - «с водителем не разговаривать»3. кружение, круг, оборот4. рулетка5. колесо фортуны (тж. Fortune's wheel)at the next turn of the wheel - когда счастье переменится, когда колесо фортуны повернётся
6. обыкн. pl механизм; движущие силы7. сл. важное лицо (особ. в организации)8. сеть театров или увеселительных заведений9. спорт. класс10. припев, рефрен11. прялка12. 1) преим. амер. велосипед2) детская коляска3) pl амер. сл. автомобиль13. воен. заход флангомright [left] wheel! - правое [левое] плечо вперёд - марш!
14. тех.1) зубчатое колесо, шестерня2) маховик15. 1) гончарный круг (тж. potter's wheel)2) точильный круг♢
to break on the wheel - ист. колесоватьto break a butterfly /a fly/ on the wheel - ≅ стрелять из пушки по воробьям
2. [wi:l] vwheels within wheels - а) сложная взаимосвязь (интриг, интересов); перекрёстные или тайные влияния; б) библ. колесо в колесе
1. 1) катить, подкатить; везти2) катиться; двигаться на колёсах2. 1) описывать круги; поворачиваться; вертеться; оборачиваться, вращаться (тж. wheel round)2) вертеть, кружить, поворачивать (что-л.)3. (тж. wheel about)1) сделать полный оборот2) полностью изменить свою позицию4. ехать на велосипеде5. ист. колесовать6. воен. заходить флангом♢
wheel and deal - амер. сл. а) заправлять (чем-л.); вершить ( дела); б) обделывать делишки; совершать махинации -
6 wheel
I [wiːl] n1) колесо; коліщаткоfront [back] wheel — переднє [заднє]колесо
landing wheels — aв. шасі
wheels down [up] — aв. шасі випущено [прибрано]
2) рульове колесо, штурвал; баранкаto be at the wheel — бути /знаходитися/ за кермом; вести судно, автомобіль; бути керівником, стояти на чолі (чого-н.)
"don't speak to the man at the wheel" — "не розмовляти з водієм"
3) кружляння, коло, оберт4) рулетка6) pl механізм; рухомі сили7) cл. важлива особа ( в організації)8) мережа театрів або місць розваги9) cпopт. клас10) приспів, рефрен11) прядка12) cл. велосипед; дитяча коляска; pl; cл.; cл. автомобіль:13) вiйcьк. захід флангомright [left] wheel! — праве ( ліве) плече вперед!
14) тex. зубчасте колесо, шестірня; маховик15) гончарний круг ( potter's wheel)••to break on the wheel — icт. колесувати
to break a butterfly /a fly/ on the wheel s — стріляти з пушки по горобцям
II [wiːl] vwheels within wheels — складний взаємозв'язок (інтриг, інтересів); перехресний або таємний вплив; бібл. колесо в колесі
1) катити, підкатити; везтиto wheel the rubbish to the dump — відвезти сміття на звалище; котитися; рухатися на колесах
2) описувати кола; повертатися; вертітися; обертатися ( wheel round)sea-gulls wheeled in the air above me — наді мною кружляли чайки; вертіти, кружити, повертати (що-н.)
3) ( wheel about) зробити повний оберт; повністю змінити свою позицію••wheel and deal — cл.; cл. заправляти (чим-н.); вершити ( справи); робити махінації
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7 man alive!
1) живей!, быстрей!2) боже милостивый!, боже правый!; чёрт возьми!; вот те на! (восклицание, выражающее удивление, досаду и т. п.)Man alive, you can't live here all your life. This is no life for a man. It's a living death. (W. S. Maugham, ‘Complete Short Stories’, ‘The Fall of Edward Barnard’) — Боже милостивый, но не можешь же ты весь свой век здесь просидеть. Да разве это жизнь? Это значит похоронить себя заживо.
Man alive, remember this is the year 1881. We're all moving with new ideas and up-to-date methods but you, and the wheels of progress have run ye [= you] down. (A. J. Cronin, ‘Hatter's Castle’, book II, ch. 2) — Видит бог, вам не следует забывать, что у нас теперь тысяча восемьсот восемьдесят первый год. Все мы идем в ногу с новыми идеями и современными методами, все, кроме вас, и колесо прогресса вас раздавит.
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8 wheel
wi:l
1. сущ.
1) а) колесо to align a wheel ≈ отцентровывать колесо to spin, turn a ≈ крутить колесо, вертеть колесо balance wheel ≈ балансир driving wheel ≈ движущееся колесо front wheel ≈ переднее колесо idler wheel ≈ холостой оборот mill wheel ≈ мельничное колесо б) тех. колесо, колесико Geneva wheel ≈ мальтийский крест в) рулевое колесо, штурвал, "баранка"
2) а) мн.;
перен. механизм wheels of state ≈ государственная машина б) прялка в) гончарный круг (тж. potter's wheel) г) уст. велосипед
3) а) круг, кружение, оборот б) припев, рефрен
4) а) колесо фортуны, счастье (тж. Fortune's wheel) б) амер. доллар
5) воен. ∙ to break on the wheel ист. ≈ колесовать to break a butterfly/fly on the wheel ≈ стрелять из пушек по воробьям to go on wheels ≈ идти как по маслу wheels within wheels ≈ сложная взаимосвязь;
сложное положение
2. гл.
1) а) катить, везти( тачку и т. п.) б) ехать на велосипеде
2) а) поворачивать(ся) б) описывать круги
3) воен. заходить или заезжать флангом ∙ wheel and deal колесо;
колесико - front * переднее колесо - free * свободное колесо (велосипедный спорт) - watchwork *s колесики часового механизма - landing *s (авиация) шасси - *s down (авиация) шасси выпущено рулевое колесо, штурвал;
(разговорное) баранка - to be at the * быть /находиться/ за рулем;
вести судно, автомобиль и т. п.;
быть руководителем, стоять во главе( чего-л.) - "don't speak to the man at the *" "с водителем не разговаривать" кружение, круг, оборот - to turn *s ходить колесом рулетка колесо фортуны (тж. Fortune's *) - at the next turn of the * когда счастье переменится, когда колесо фортуны повернется обыкн. pl механизм;
движущие силы - the *s of state государственная машина - the *s of life жизнедеятельность - the *s of progress силы прогресса (сленг) важное лицо( особ. в организации) - a big * большая шишка сеть театров или увеселительных заведений (спортивное) класс припев, рефрен прялка преим. (американизм) велосипед детская коляска pl (американизм) (сленг) автомобиль (военное) заход флангом - right *! правое плечо вперед - марш! (техническое) зубчатое колесо, шестерня( техническое) маховик гончарный круг (тж. potter's *) точильный круг > to break on the * (историческое) колесовать > to break a butterfly /a fly/ on the * стрелять из пушки по воробьям > *s within *s сложная взаимосвязь (интриг, интересов) ;
перекрестные или тайные влияния;
(библеизм) колесо в колесе > to go on (oiled) *s идти как по маслу > to put one's shoulder to the * оказать поддержку катить, подкатить;
везти - to * the cart into the yard вкатить тележку во двор - the patient was *ed in ввезли больного - to * the rubbish to the dump отвезти мусор на свалку катиться;
двигаться на колесах описывать круги;
поворачиваться;
вертеться;
оборачиваться, вращаться (тж. * round) - the sails of the windmill were *ing round крылья мельницы вращались - sea-gulls *ed in the air above me надо мной кружили чайки вертеть, кружить, поворачивать( что-л.) (тж. * about) сделать полный оборот (тж. * about) полностью изменить свою позицию ехать на велосипеде (историческое) колесовать (военное) заходить флангом > * and deal (американизм) (сленг) заправлять( чем-л.) ;
вершить (дела) ;
обделывать делишки;
совершать махинации to break a butterfly (или a fly) on the ~ = стрелять из пушек по воробьям;
to go on wheels идти как по маслу ~ амер. доллар;
to break on the wheel ист. колесовать code ~ вчт. кодирующий диск daisy ~ вчт. ромашка driven ~ тех. ведомое колесо feed ~ вчт. лентопротяжное колесо free ~ свободное колесо free ~ спуск с горы с выключенным мотором (об автомобиле) ~ колесо;
колесико;
Geneva wheel тех. мальтийский крест to break a butterfly (или a fly) on the ~ = стрелять из пушек по воробьям;
to go on wheels идти как по маслу inking ~ вчт. красящее колесо wheel воен.: left (right) wheel! правое (левое) плечо вперед! locking ~ вчт. стопорное колесо ~ рулевое колесо, штурвал;
man at the wheel рулевой;
перен. кормчий, руководитель meals on ~s передвижная кухня notched ~ тех. храповик, храповое колесо wheels within ~s сложная взаимосвязь;
сложное положение;
to put one's shoulder to the wheel энергично взяться за работу time ~ колесо времени wheel воен.: left (right) wheel! правое (левое) плечо вперед! ~ уст. велосипед ~ гончарный круг (тж. potter's wheel) ~ амер. доллар;
to break on the wheel ист. колесовать ~ ехать на велосипеде ~ воен. заходить или заезжать флангом;
to wheel and deal амер. разг. обделывать делишки, совершать махинации;
заправлять делами ~ катить, везти (тачку и т. п.) ~ колесо;
колесико;
Geneva wheel тех. мальтийский крест ~ колесо фортуны, счастье (тж. Fortune's wheel) ~ кружение, круг, оборот ~ описывать круги ~ поворачивать(-ся) ~ припев, рефрен ~ прялка ~ рулевое колесо, штурвал;
man at the wheel рулевой;
перен. кормчий, руководитель ~ перен. механизм;
the wheels of state государственная машина ~ and axle тех. ворот ~ воен. заходить или заезжать флангом;
to wheel and deal амер. разг. обделывать делишки, совершать махинации;
заправлять делами ~ перен. механизм;
the wheels of state государственная машина wheels within ~s сложная взаимосвязь;
сложное положение;
to put one's shoulder to the wheel энергично взяться за работу -
9 wheel
wi:l 1. noun1) (a circular frame or disc turning on a rod or axle, on which vehicles etc move along the ground: A bicycle has two wheels, a tricycle three, and most cars four; a cartwheel.) hjul2) (any of several things similar in shape and action: a potter's wheel; He was found drunk at the wheel (= steering-wheel) of his car.) hjul, skive, ratt, ror, rokk2. verb1) (to cause to move on wheels: He wheeled his bicycle along the path.) trille, kjøre, gå og leie2) (to (cause to) turn quickly: He wheeled round and slapped me.) snu brått, svinge, dreie (seg)3) ((of birds) to fly in circles.) kretse•- wheeled- - wheeled
- wheelbarrow
- wheelchair
- wheelhouse
- wheelwrighthjul--------kjøre--------ratt--------sykkelIsubst. \/wiːl\/1) ( også overført) hjul2) ratt, styre, ror3) (dreie)skive, trinse(hjul)4) ( også overført) svingning, rotasjon, kretsløp5) (sport, turn) hjul, salto(mortale)6) (amer., slang) pampbreak a (butter)fly on the wheel ( hverdagslig) skyte spurver med kanonerbreak on the wheel radbrekke (gammeldags torturmetode)Fortune's wheel eller the wheel of fortune lykkehjuletgrease the wheels ( hverdagslig) smøre maskineriet, få alt til å gå smidigon someone's wheel rett bak, i nakken på, i bakenden påon wheels i bil, på sykkel ( brukt om mobil tjeneste) på hjul (britisk, hverdagslig) som smurt (britisk, hverdagslig, for å understreke misnøye med noen) komplettset the wheels of industry turning ( overført) få hjulene i gangsilly as a wheel (austr., hverdagslig) (meget) dum, (meget) fjolletthird wheel (amer., hverdagslig) en for mye, person som er overflødig, person som er i veienturn wheels slå hjulthe wheel hjulet (syklus), maskineriet (historisk, tortur) hjulet, steile og hjul ( også overført) rattetwheel alignment ( bil) hjulinnstillingthe wheel has come full circle ringen er sluttetthe wheel of life livets gangwheels within wheels ( overført) et komplisert maskineri, kompliserte forholdIIverb \/wiːl\/1) rulle, kjøre, trille2) ( også overført) svinge (rundt), snurre (på), rotere3) ( militærvesen) dreie, svinge, bøye av4) ( om fugler og fly) kretse5) sette hjul påright wheel! ( militærvesen) bryt av - til høyre!wheel about slå omwheel and deal (amer., hverdagslig) kjøpslå, forhandlewheel round ( militærvesen) dreie, snu, bryte av svinge rundt, snurre rundt, rotere slå om -
10 wheel
[wiːl]n1) колесо, колёсико- back wheel- watchwork wheels
- change wheel
- balance wheel
- driving wheel
- steering wheel
- idler wheel
- mill wheel
- wheel brake
- wheel track
- vehicle on six wheels
- take the wheel
- align wheels
- be at the wheel
- spin a wheel
- keep both hands on the wheel2) (обыкновенно pl) движущие силы, механизмAt the next turn of the wheel. — Когда судьба переменится/переменилась
- wheels of the state- wheels of life
- wheels of progress
- wheel of Fortune
- turn back the wheel of history
- put one's shoulder to the wheel -
11 wheel
------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] lobed wheel[English Plural] lobed wheels[Swahili Word] gurudumu lenye ndewe[Swahili Plural] magurudumu zenye ndewe[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6[Related Words] ndewe------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] spinning wheel[English Plural] spinning wheels[Swahili Word] dulabu[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] wheel[English Plural] wheels[Swahili Word] duara[Swahili Plural] maduara[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] wheel[English Plural] wheels[Swahili Word] duwara[Swahili Plural] maduwara[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6[English Example] waterwheel[Swahili Example] duwara ya maji------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] wheel[English Plural] wheels[Swahili Word] gurudumu[Swahili Plural] magurudumu[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6[Derived Language] Farsi[English Example] if they get involved in pushing forward the wheel of progress[Swahili Example] wakishughulika kulisukuma mbele gurudumu la maendeleo [Mun]------------------------------------------------------------ -
12 Smith, Sir Francis Pettit
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 9 February 1808 Copperhurst Farm, near Hythe, Kent, Englandd. 12 February 1874 South Kensington, London, England[br]English inventor of the screw propeller.[br]Smith was the only son of Charles Smith, Postmaster at Hythe, and his wife Sarah (née Pettit). After education at a private school in Ashford, Kent, he took to farming, first on Romney Marsh, then at Hendon, Middlesex. As a boy, he showed much skill in the construction of model boats, especially in devising their means of propulsion. He maintained this interest into adult life and in 1835 he made a model propelled by a screw driven by a spring. This worked so well that he became convinced that the screw propeller offered a better method of propulsion than the paddle wheels that were then in general use. This notion so fired his enthusiasm that he virtually gave up farming to devote himself to perfecting his invention. The following year he produced a better model, which he successfully demonstrated to friends on his farm at Hendon and afterwards to the public at the Adelaide Gallery in London. On 31 May 1836 Smith was granted a patent for the propulsion of vessels by means of a screw.The idea of screw propulsion was not new, however, for it had been mooted as early as the seventeenth century and since then several proposals had been advanced, but without successful practical application. Indeed, simultaneously but quite independently of Smith, the Swedish engineer John Ericsson had invented the ship's propeller and obtained a patent on 13 July 1836, just weeks after Smith. But Smith was completely unaware of this and pursued his own device in the belief that he was the sole inventor.With some financial and technical backing, Smith was able to construct a 10 ton boat driven by a screw and powered by a steam engine of about 6 hp (4.5 kW). After showing it off to the public, Smith tried it out at sea, from Ramsgate round to Dover and Hythe, returning in stormy weather. The screw performed well in both calm and rough water. The engineering world seemed opposed to the new method of propulsion, but the Admiralty gave cautious encouragement in 1839 by ordering that the 237 ton Archimedes be equipped with a screw. It showed itself superior to the Vulcan, one of the fastest paddle-driven ships in the Navy. The ship was put through its paces in several ports, including Bristol, where Isambard Kingdom Brunel was constructing his Great Britain, the first large iron ocean-going vessel. Brunel was so impressed that he adapted his ship for screw propulsion.Meanwhile, in spite of favourable reports, the Admiralty were dragging their feet and ordered further trials, fitting Smith's four-bladed propeller to the Rattler, then under construction and completed in 1844. The trials were a complete success and propelled their lordships of the Admiralty to a decision to equip twenty ships with screw propulsion, under Smith's supervision.At last the superiority of screw propulsion was generally accepted and virtually universally adopted. Yet Smith gained little financial reward for his invention and in 1850 he retired to Guernsey to resume his farming life. In 1860 financial pressures compelled him to accept the position of Curator of Patent Models at the Patent Museum in South Kensington, London, a post he held until his death. Belated recognition by the Government, then headed by Lord Palmerston, came in 1855 with the grant of an annual pension of £200. Two years later Smith received unofficial recognition when he was presented with a national testimonial, consisting of a service of plate and nearly £3,000 in cash subscribed largely by the shipbuilding and engineering community. Finally, in 1871 Smith was honoured with a knighthood.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1871.Further ReadingObituary, 1874, Illustrated London News (7 February).1856, On the Invention and Progress of the Screw Propeller, London (provides biographical details).Smith and his invention are referred to in papers in Transactions of the Newcomen Society, 14 (1934): 9; 19 (1939): 145–8, 155–7, 161–4, 237–9.LRDBiographical history of technology > Smith, Sir Francis Pettit
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13 go
1. n разг. ход, ходьба; движениеthe boat rolled gently with the come and go of small waves — лодка мягко покачивалась на мелких волнах
on the go — на ходу; на ногах
passing go — решающий ход в настольной игре «го»
2. n разг. обстоятельство, положение; неожиданный поворот делtell me how things go ? — расскажите мне, как идут дела?
3. n разг. попыткаto have a go at — попытаться, рискнуть, попытать счастья
4. n разг. приступ5. n разг. порция6. n разг. сделка, соглашение7. n разг. разг. энергия, воодушевление; рвение; увлечение8. n разг. разг. успех; удача; успешное предприятиеto make a go of it — добиться успеха, преуспеть
he is convinced that he can make a go of it — он уверен, что добьётся в этом деле успеха
9. n разг. редк. походка10. n разг. ход; бросок«мимо»
quite the go — последний крик моды; предмет всеобщего увлечения
first go — первым делом, сразу же
at a go — сразу, зараз
11. a амер. разг. быть в состоянии готовности; работать12. v идти, ходить13. v направляться, следовать; ехать, поехатьto go on a journey — поехать в путешествие; совершать путешествие
to go on a visit — поехать с визитом; поехать погостить
14. v ездить, путешествовать, передвигатьсяto go at a crawl — ходить, ездить или двигаться медленно
15. v ходить, курсировать16. v уходить, уезжатьwe came at six and went at nine — мы пришли в шесть, а ушли в девять
I must be going now, I must be gone — теперь мне нужно уходить
she is gone — она ушла, её нет
17. v отходить, отправлятьсяto go gunning — охотиться, ходить на охоту
18. v двигаться, быть в движенииgo along — идти, двигаться
go forth — быть опубликованным, изданным
19. v двигаться с определённой скоростьюto go along — двигаться дальше; идти своей дорогой
to go nap — поставить всё на карту, идти на большой риск
20. v работать, действовать, функционировать21. v жить, действовать, функционироватьhe manages to keep going — он как-то тянет, ему удаётся держаться
22. v тянуться, проходить, пролегать, простиратьсяmountains that go from east to west — горы, тянущиеся с востока на запад
go by — проходить, проезжать мимо
23. v дотягиваться; доходитьto go to the races — ходить на скачки; ходить на бега
go about — расхаживать, ходить туда и сюда; слоняться
24. v протекать, проходитьvacation goes quickly — не успеваешь оглянуться, а отпуск кончился
I hope all goes well with you — надеюсь, что у вас всё хорошо
how did the voting go? — как завершилось голосование?; каковы результаты голосования?
25. v исчезать; проходить26. v исчезнуть, пропастьthe key has gone somewhere — ключ куда-то распространяться; передаваться
27. v передаваться28. v иметь хождение, быть в обращенииto go out of curl — быть выбитым из колеи; утратить форму
to go to oblivion — быть преданным забвению, быть забытым
29. v идти; брать на себя; решатьсяto go snacks — делить поровну; делиться ; брать свою долю
30. v податься; рухнуть; сломаться, расколотьсяfirst the sail went and then the mast — сперва подался парус, а затем и мачта
there goes another button! — ну вот, ещё одна пуговица отлетела!
31. v потерпеть крах, обанкротитьсяto go phut — лопнуть, потерпеть крах
go to smash — разориться; обанкротиться
to go to smash — разориться, обанкротиться
to go bust — остаться без копейки, обанкротиться
32. v отменяться, уничтожаться33. v отказываться; избавляться34. v быть расположенным, следовать в определённом порядкеto go by the title of … — быть известным под именем …
35. v храниться, находиться; становиться36. v умещаться, укладыватьсяthe thread is too thick to go into the needle — нитка слишком толстая, чтобы пролезть в иголку
37. v равняться38. v заканчиваться определённым результатом39. v гласить, говоритьthe story goes that he was murdered — говорят, что его убили
properly speaking, you ought to go — собственно говоря, вы должны уйти
40. v звучатьthe tune goes something like this … — вот как, примерно, звучит этот мотив
41. v звонитьI hear the bells going — я слышу, как звонят колокола
42. v бить, отбивать время43. v умирать, гибнутьshe is gone — она погибла, она умерла
to go to rack and ruin — обветшать; разрушиться; погибнуть
44. v пройти, быть принятымto take a turn, to go for a turn — пройтись
to go for a trot — быстро пройтись, пробежаться
45. v быть приемлемым46. v разг. выдерживать, терпеть47. v справляться, одолевать48. v ходить определённым шагомgo and see — заходить; зайти; навещать; навестить
go to see — заходить; зайти; навещать; навестить
49. v спариватьсяСинонимический ряд:1. energy (noun) birr; energy; hardihood; pep; potency; tuck2. fling (noun) crack; fling; pop; shot; slap; stab; try; whack; whirl3. occurrence (noun) circumstance; episode; event; happening; incident; occasion; occurrence; thing4. success (noun) arrival; flying colors; prosperity; success; successfulness5. time (noun) bout; hitch; innings; shift; siege; spell; stint; time; tour; trick; turn; watch6. vigor (noun) bang; drive; getup; get-up-and-go; punch; push; snap; starch; vigor; vitality7. agree (verb) accord; agree; check; check out; cohere; comport; conform; consist; consort; correspond; dovetail; fit in; harmonise; harmonize; jibe; march; quadrate; rhyme; square; tally8. bear (verb) abide; bear; brook; digest; endure; lump; stand; stick out; stomach; suffer; support; sustain; swallow; sweat out; take; tolerate9. become (verb) become; come; get; grow; wax10. decline (verb) decline; deteriorate; fade11. depart (verb) depart; exit; get away; get off; leave; pop off; pull out; push off; quit; retire; retreat; run along; shove off; take off; withdraw12. die (verb) cash in; conk; decease; demise; die; drop; expire; go away; go by; pass away; pass out; peg out; perish; pip; succumb13. disappear (verb) disappear; dissolve; vanish14. enjoy (verb) enjoy; like; relish15. fit (verb) belong; fit16. give (verb) bend; break; break down; buckle; cave; cave in; collapse; crumple; fold up; give; yield17. go on (verb) continue; go on; maintain; persist18. go with (verb) go with; suit19. happen (verb) befall; betide; chance; develop; do; fall out; hap; happen; occur; rise; transpire20. make (verb) head; make; set out; strike out21. move (verb) move; travel; walk22. offer (verb) bid; offer23. proceed (verb) advance; cruise; elapse; fare; hie; journey; pass; proceed; progress; push on; wend24. resort (verb) apply; recur; refer; repair; resort; resort to; turn25. run (verb) carry; extend; lead; range; reach; run; stretch; vary26. set (verb) bet; gamble; lay; risk; set; stake; venture; wager27. spend (verb) conclude; consume; exhaust; expend; finish; run through; spend; stop; terminate; use up; wash up28. succeed (verb) arrive; click; come off; come through; flourish; go over; make out; pan out; prosper; prove out; score; succeed; thrive; work out29. work (verb) act; function; operate; perform; workАнтонимический ряд:appear; approach; arrive; become; break down; clash; come; endure; enter; fail; improve; lack; live; persist; quit; regress; remain; rest; stand; stay -
14 set
set [set]jeu ⇒ 1 (a) série ⇒ 1 (a) ensemble ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (c) cercle ⇒ 1 (b) appareil ⇒ 1 (d) poste ⇒ 1 (d) set ⇒ 1 (e) fixe ⇒ 2 (a) arrêté ⇒ 2 (b) figé ⇒ 2 (b) résolu ⇒ 2 (c) prêt ⇒ 2 (d) mettre ⇒ 3 (a), 3 (c), 3 (d) poser ⇒ 3 (a), 3 (c), 3 (e), 3 (i) situer ⇒ 3 (b) régler ⇒ 3 (c) fixer ⇒ 3 (f), 3 (i) établir ⇒ 3 (f) faire prendre ⇒ 3 (h) se coucher ⇒ 4 (a) prendre ⇒ 4 (b)1 noun(a) (of tools, keys, golf clubs, sails) jeu m; (of numbers, names, instructions, stamps, weights) série f; (of books) collection f; (of furniture) ensemble m; (of cutlery, dishes, glasses) service m; (of lingerie) parure f; (of wheels) train m; (of facts, conditions, characteristics, data) ensemble m; (of events, decisions, questions) série f, suite f; Typography (of proofs, characters) jeu m; Computing (of characters, instructions) jeu m, ensemble m;∎ a set of matching luggage un ensemble de valises assorties;∎ a set of table/bed linen une parure de table/de lit;∎ a set of sheets une parure de lit;∎ badminton/chess set jeu m de badminton/d'échecs;∎ they're playing with Damian's train set ils jouent avec le train électrique de Damian;∎ the cups/the chairs are sold in sets of six les tasses/les chaises sont vendues par six;∎ I can't break up the set je ne peux pas les dépareiller;∎ they make a set ils vont ensemble;∎ to collect the (whole) set rassembler toute la collection, faire la collection;∎ he made me a duplicate set (of keys) il m'a fait un double des clés; (of contact lenses) il m'en a fait une autre paire;∎ a full set of the encyclopedia une encyclopédie complète;∎ a full set of Tolstoy's works les œuvres complètes de Tolstoï;∎ they've detected two sets of fingerprints ils ont relevé deux séries d'empreintes digitales ou les empreintes digitales de deux personnes;∎ given another set of circumstances, things might have turned out differently dans d'autres circonstances, les choses auraient pu se passer différemment;∎ the first set of reforms la première série ou le premier train de réformes;∎ they ran a whole set of tests on me ils m'ont fait subir toute une série d'examens(b) (social group) cercle m, milieu m;∎ he's not in our set il n'appartient pas à notre cercle;∎ we don't go around in the same set nous ne fréquentons pas le même milieu ou monde;∎ the riding/yachting set le monde ou milieu de l'équitation/du yachting;∎ the literary set les milieux mpl littéraires;∎ the Markham set Markham et ses amis(c) Mathematics ensemble m∎ a colour TV set un poste de télévision ou un téléviseur couleur∎ first set to Miss Williams set Williams∎ on (the) set Cinema & Television sur le plateau; Theatre sur scène(g) (part of performance → by singer, group)∎ he'll be playing two sets tonight il va jouer à deux reprises ce soir;∎ her second set was livelier la deuxième partie de son spectacle a été plus animée(i) (for hair) mise f en plis;∎ to have a set se faire faire une mise en plis∎ I could tell he was angry by the set of his jaw rien qu'à la façon dont il serrait les mâchoires, j'ai compris qu'il était en colère(k) (direction → of wind, current) direction f;∎ suddenly the set of the wind changed le vent a tourné soudainement∎ tomato/tulip sets tomates fpl/tulipes fpl à repiquer(n) (clutch of eggs) couvée f(q) (of badger) terrier m(a) (specified, prescribed → rule, price, quantity, sum, wage) fixe;∎ meals are at set times les repas sont servis à heures fixes;∎ there are no set rules for raising children il n'y a pas de règles toutes faites pour l'éducation des enfants;∎ the tasks must be done in the set order les tâches doivent être accomplies dans l'ordre prescrit;∎ with no set purpose sans but précis∎ her day followed a set routine sa journée se déroulait selon un rituel immuable;∎ he has a set way of doing it il a sa méthode pour le faire;∎ to be set in one's ways avoir ses (petites) habitudes;∎ to become set in one's views devenir rigide dans ses opinions(c) (intent, resolute) résolu, déterminé;∎ to be set on or upon sth vouloir qch à tout prix;∎ I'm (dead) set on finishing it tonight je suis (absolument) déterminé à le finir ce soir;∎ he's dead set against it il s'y oppose formellement(d) (ready, in position) prêt;∎ are you (all) set to go? êtes-vous prêt à partir?∎ he seems well set to win il semble être sur la bonne voie ou être bien parti pour gagner;∎ house prices are set to rise steeply les prix de l'immobilier vont vraisemblablement monter en flèche∎ one of our set books is 'Oliver Twist' un des ouvrages au programme est 'Oliver Twist'(a) (put in specified place or position) mettre, poser;∎ he set his cases down on the platform il posa ses valises sur le quai;∎ she set the steaming bowl before him elle plaça le bol fumant devant lui;∎ to set a proposal before the board présenter un projet au conseil d'administration;∎ to set sb on his/her feet again remettre qn sur pied;∎ to set a match to sth mettre le feu à qch;∎ to set sb ashore débarquer qn(b) (usu passive) (locate, situate → building, story) situer;∎ the house is set in large grounds la maison est située dans un grand parc;∎ his eyes are set too close together ses yeux sont trop rapprochés;∎ the story is set in Tokyo l'histoire se passe ou se déroule à Tokyo;∎ her novels are set in the 18th century ses romans se passent au XVIIIème siècle∎ I set my watch to New York time j'ai réglé ma montre à l'heure de New York;∎ set your watches an hour ahead avancez vos montres d'une heure;∎ he's so punctual you can set your watch by him! il est si ponctuel qu'on peut régler sa montre sur lui!;∎ I've set the alarm for six j'ai mis le réveil à (sonner pour) six heures;∎ how do I set the margins? comment est-ce que je fais pour placer les marges?;∎ set the timer for one hour mettez le minuteur sur une heure;∎ first set the control knob to the desired temperature mettez tout d'abord le bouton de réglage sur la température voulue;∎ the lever was set in the off position le levier était sur "arrêt"∎ the handles are set into the drawers les poignées sont encastrées dans les tiroirs;∎ there was a peephole set in the door il y avait un judas dans la porte;∎ to set a stake in the ground enfoncer ou planter un pieu dans la terre;∎ metal bars had been set in the concrete des barres en métal avaient été fixées dans le béton;∎ the brooch was set with pearls la broche était sertie de perles;∎ the ruby was set in a simple ring le rubis était monté sur un simple anneau;∎ Medicine to set a bone réduire une fracture;∎ figurative his face was set in a frown son visage était figé dans une grimace renfrognée;∎ she set her jaw and refused to budge elle serra les dents et refusa de bouger;∎ we had set ourselves to resist nous étions déterminés à résister(e) (lay, prepare in advance → trap) poser, tendre;∎ to set the table mettre le couvert ou la table;∎ to set the table for two mettre deux couverts;∎ set an extra place at table rajoutez un couvert(f) (establish → date, price, schedule, terms) fixer, déterminer; (→ rule, guideline, objective, target) établir; (→ mood, precedent) créer;∎ they still haven't set a date for the party ils n'ont toujours pas fixé de date pour la réception;∎ you've set yourself a tough deadline or a tough deadline for yourself vous vous êtes fixé un délai très court;∎ it's up to them to set their own production targets c'est à eux d'établir ou de fixer leurs propres objectifs de production;∎ a deficit ceiling has been set un plafonnement du déficit a été imposé ou fixé ou décidé;∎ to set a value on sth décider de la valeur de qch;∎ figurative they set a high value on creativity ils accordent une grande valeur à la créativité;∎ the price was set at £500 le prix a été fixé à 500 livres;∎ the judge set bail at $1,000 le juge a fixé la caution à 1000 dollars;∎ how are exchange rates set? comment les taux de change sont-ils déterminés?;∎ to set an age limit at… fixer une limite d'âge à…;∎ to set a new fashion or trend lancer une nouvelle mode;∎ to set a new world record établir un nouveau record mondial;∎ to set the tone for or of sth donner le ton de qch∎ to set sth alight or on fire mettre le feu à qch;∎ it sets my nerves on edge ça me crispe;∎ also figurative she set me in the right direction elle m'a mis sur la bonne voie;∎ to set sb against sb monter qn contre qn;∎ he/the incident set the taxman on my trail il/l'incident a mis le fisc sur ma piste;∎ to set the dogs on sb lâcher les chiens sur qn;∎ the incident set the family against him l'incident a monté la famille contre lui;∎ it will set the country on the road to economic recovery cela va mettre le pays sur la voie de la reprise économique;∎ his failure set him thinking son échec lui a donné à réfléchir;∎ the scandal will set the whole town talking le scandale va faire jaser toute la ville;∎ to set the dog barking faire aboyer le chien;∎ the wind set the leaves dancing le vent a fait frissonner les feuilles;∎ to set a machine going mettre une machine en marche(h) (solidify → yoghurt, jelly, concrete) faire prendre;∎ pectin will help to set the jam la pectine aidera à épaissir la confiture∎ the strikers' demands set the management a difficult problem les exigences des grévistes posent un problème difficile à la direction;∎ I set them to work tidying the garden je les ai mis au désherbage du jardin;∎ I've set myself the task of writing to them regularly je me suis fixé la tâche de leur écrire régulièrement∎ she set the class a maths exercise, she set a maths exercise for the class elle a donné un exercice de maths à la classe;∎ who sets the test questions? qui choisit les questions de l'épreuve?∎ to set sb's hair faire une mise en plis à qn;∎ and I've just had my hair set! et je viens de me faire faire une mise en plis!;∎ I set my own hair je me fais moi-même mes mises en plis∎ to set type composer∎ to set sth to music mettre qch en musique(a) (sun, moon, stars) se coucher;∎ we saw the sun setting nous avons vu le coucher du soleil(b) (become firm → glue, cement, plaster, jelly, yoghurt) prendre;∎ her features had set in an expression of determination ses traits s'étaient durcis en une expression de très forte détermination∎ he set to work il s'est mis au travail(e) (plant, tree) prendre racine(g) (wind, tide)∎ the wind looks set fair to the east on dirait un vent d'ouest►► Theatre, Cinema & Television set designer décorateur(trice) m,f;Grammar set expression expression f figée;set figures (in skating) figures fpl imposées;set meal, set menu meal menu m;Grammar set phrase expression f figée;(b) (fireworks) pièce f (de feu) d'artifice(c) (of scenery) élément m de décorSport set point (in tennis) balle f de set;Technology set screw vis f de réglage;Sport set scrum (in rugby) mêlée f fermée;set square équerre f (à dessiner);set task tâche f assignée;∎ to give sb a set task to do assigner à qn une tâche bien précise;Mathematics set theory théorie f des ensembles(a) (start → task) se mettre à;∎ she set about changing the tyre elle s'est mise à changer le pneu;∎ I didn't know how to set about it je ne savais pas comment m'y prendre;∎ how does one set about getting a visa? comment fait-on pour obtenir un visa?∎ he set about the mugger with his umbrella il s'en est pris à son agresseur à coups de parapluie∎ to set sth against sth comparer qch à qch;∎ to set the benefits against the costs évaluer les bénéfices par rapport aux coûts;∎ we must set the government's promises against its achievements nous devons examiner les promesses du gouvernement à la lumière de ses actions∎ some of these expenses can be set against tax certaines de ces dépenses peuvent être déduites des impôts(c) (friends, family) monter contre;∎ religious differences have set family against family les différences religieuses ont monté les familles les unes contre les autres;∎ to set oneself or one's face against sth s'opposer résolument à qch∎ to set the clock ahead avancer l'horloge;∎ we're setting the clocks ahead tonight on change d'heure cette nuit(a) (place separately → object) mettre à part ou de côté;∎ there was one deck chair set slightly apart from the others il y avait une chaise longue un peu à l'écart des autres;∎ they set themselves apart ils faisaient bande à part∎ her talent sets her apart from the other students son talent la distingue des autres étudiants(a) (put down → knitting, book) poser;∎ could you set aside what you're working on for a while? pouvez-vous laisser ce que vous êtes en train de faire un moment?(b) (reserve, keep → time, place) réserver; (→ money) mettre de côté; (→ arable land) mettre en friche;∎ I've set tomorrow aside for house hunting j'ai réservé la journée de demain pour chercher une maison;∎ the room is set aside for meetings la pièce est réservée aux réunions;∎ can you set the book aside for me? pourriez-vous me mettre ce livre de côté?;∎ chop the onions and set them aside coupez les oignons et réservez-les(c) (overlook, disregard) mettre de côté, oublier, passer sur;∎ they set their differences aside in order to work together ils ont mis de côté leurs différences pour travailler ensemble(d) (reject → dogma, proposal, offer) rejeter∎ the building is set back slightly from the road l'immeuble est un peu en retrait par rapport à la route(b) (delay → plans, progress) retarder;∎ his illness set him back a month in his work sa maladie l'a retardé d'un mois dans son travail;∎ the news may set him or his recovery back la nouvelle risque de retarder sa guérison;∎ this decision will set the economy back ten years cette décision va faire revenir l'économie dix ans en arrière∎ the trip will set her back a bit le voyage va lui coûter cher(a) (tray, bag etc) poser∎ the bus sets you down in front of the station le bus vous dépose devant la gare(c) (note, record) noter, inscrire;∎ try and set your thoughts down on paper essayez de mettre vos pensées par écrit(d) (establish → rule, condition) établir, fixer;∎ the government has set down a margin for pay increases le gouvernement a fixé une fourchette pour les augmentations de salaire;∎ permissible levels of pollution are set down in the regulations les taux de pollution tolérés sont fixés dans les réglementations;∎ to set sth down in writing coucher qch par écrit;∎ it is clearly set down that drivers must be insured il est clairement signalé ou indiqué que tout conducteur doit être assuréformal (expound → plan, objections) exposer, présenter;∎ the recommendations are set forth in the last chapter les recommandations sont détaillées ou énumérées dans le dernier chapitreliterary partir, se mettre en route➲ set in∎ if infection sets in si la plaie s'infecte;∎ the bad weather has set in for the winter le mauvais temps s'est installé pour tout l'hiver;➲ set off(b) (reaction, process, war) déclencher, provoquer;∎ their offer set off another round of talks leur proposition a déclenché une autre série de négociations;∎ it set her off on a long tirade against bureaucracy cela eut pour effet de la lancer dans une longue tirade contre la bureaucratie;∎ to set sb off laughing faire rire qn;∎ this answer set them off (laughing) cette réponse a déclenché les rires;∎ one look at his face set me off again en le voyant, mon fou rire a repris de plus belle;∎ if you say anything it'll only set him off (crying) again si tu dis quoi que ce soit, il va se remettre à pleurer;∎ the smallest amount of pollen will set her off la moindre dose de pollen lui déclenche une réaction allergique;∎ don't mention Maradona or you'll set him off again surtout ne prononce pas le nom de Maradona sinon il va recommencer;∎ someone mentioned the war and of course that set Uncle Arthur off quelqu'un prononça le mot guerre, et évidemment, oncle Arthur embraya aussitôt sur le sujet;∎ figurative to set sb off on the wrong track mettre qn sur une fausse piste∎ the vase sets off the flowers beautifully le vase met vraiment les fleurs en valeur∎ some of these expenses can be set off against tax certaines de ces dépenses peuvent être déduites des impôtspartir, se mettre en route;∎ he set off at a run il est parti en courant;∎ I set off to explore the town je suis parti explorer la ville;∎ after lunch, we set off again après le déjeuner, nous avons repris la route➲ set on(attack) attaquer, s'en prendre à∎ to set the police on the tracks of a thief mettre la police aux trousses d'un voleur;∎ to set sb on his/her way mettre qn sur les rails∎ to set a dog on sb lâcher un chien sur qn➲ set out∎ the shopping centre is very well set out le centre commercial est très bien conçu(b) (present → ideas) exposer, présenter;∎ the information is set out in the table below ces données sont présentées dans le tableau ci-dessous∎ just as he was setting out au moment de son départ;∎ to set out for school partir pour l'école;∎ to set out again repartir;∎ to set out in pursuit/in search of sb se mettre à la poursuite/à la recherche de qn(b) (undertake course of action) entreprendre;∎ he has trouble finishing what he sets out to do il a du mal à terminer ce qu'il entreprend;∎ I can't remember now what I set out to do je ne me souviens plus de ce que je voulais faire à l'origine;∎ they all set out with the intention of changing the world au début, ils veulent tous changer le monde;∎ she didn't deliberately set out to annoy you il n'était pas dans ses intentions de vous froisser;∎ his theory sets out to prove that… sa théorie a pour objet de prouver que…(a) (begin work) commencer, s'y mettre;∎ we set to with a will nous nous y sommes mis avec ardeur(b) familiar (two people → start arguing) avoir une prise de bec; (→ start fighting) en venir aux mains➲ set up(a) (install → equipment, computer) installer; (→ roadblock) installer, disposer; (→ experiment) préparer;∎ everything's set up for the show tout est préparé ou prêt pour le spectacle;∎ set the chairs up in a circle mettez ou disposez les chaises en cercle;∎ he set the chessboard up il a disposé les pièces sur l'échiquier;∎ the equation sets up a relation between the two variables l'équation établit un rapport entre les deux variables;∎ the system wasn't set up to handle so many users le système n'était pas conçu pour gérer autant d'usagers;∎ he set the situation up so she couldn't refuse il a arrangé la situation de telle manière qu'elle ne pouvait pas refuser(b) (erect, build → tent, furniture kit, crane, flagpole) monter; (→ shed, shelter) construire; (→ monument, statue) ériger;∎ to set up camp installer ou dresser le camp(c) (start up, institute → business, scholarship) créer; (→ hospital, school) fonder; (→ committee, task force) constituer; (→ system of government, republic) instaurer; (→ programme, review process, system) mettre en place; (→ inquiry) ouvrir; (→ dinner, meeting, appointment) organiser;∎ to set up house or home s'installer;∎ they set up house together ils se sont mis en ménage;∎ to set up a dialogue entamer le dialogue;∎ you'll be in charge of setting up training programmes vous serez responsable de la mise en place des programmes de formation;∎ the medical system set up after the war le système médical mis en place après la guerre(d) (financially, in business → person) installer, établir;∎ he set his son up in a dry-cleaning business il a acheté à son fils une entreprise de nettoyage à sec;∎ she could finally set herself up as an accountant elle pourrait enfin s'installer comme comptable;∎ the money would set him up for life l'argent le mettrait à l'abri du besoin pour le restant de ses jours;∎ the army set him up as a dictator l'armée l'installa comme dictateur∎ we're well set up with supplies nous sommes bien approvisionnés;∎ she can set you up with a guide/the necessary papers elle peut vous procurer un guide/les papiers qu'il vous faut;∎ I can set you up with a girlfriend of mine je peux te présenter à ou te faire rencontrer une de mes copines(f) (restore energy to) remonter, remettre sur pied;∎ have a brandy, that'll set you up prends un cognac, ça va te remonter∎ she claims she was set up elle prétend qu'elle est victime d'un coup monté;∎ he was set up as the fall guy on a fait de lui le bouc émissaire□, il a joué le rôle de bouc émissaire□s'installer, s'établir;∎ he's setting up in the fast-food business il se lance dans la restauration rapide;(physically or verbally) attaquer, s'en prendre à -
15 Blickensderfer, George Canfield
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. 1850 Erie, Pennsylvania, USAd. 14 August 1917[br]American maker of the first successful portable typewriter and the first electric typewriter.[br]Blickensderfer was educated at the academy in Erie and at Allegheny College. He seems to have followed a business career, and in the course of his travels he became aware of the need for a simple, durable, but portable typewriter. He was in business in Stanford, Connecticut, where he developed but did not patent a number of typewriters, including a machine in which a type wheel could print short words such as "an" and "as" by depressing a single key. In 1889 he set up the Blickensderfer Manufacturing Company to perfect and mass-produce the machine he had in mind. He needed two years to test and perfect the model, and in 1891 work started on the factory that was to manufacture it. On the verge of mass-production in 1893, he produced a few machines for the Chicago World Exhibition in that year. Their success was sensational, and the "Blickensderfer" received the highest accolades from the judges, who hailed it as "extraordinary progress in the art of typewriting". The "Blickensderfer" appeared with successive modifications in the following years: they were durable, lightweight machines, with interchangeable type wheels, and were the first widely-used readily-portable typewriters.Around 1902 Blickensderfer produced the first electric typewriter. A few electric machines were produced and some were sent to Europe, including England, but they are now very rare. One Blick Electric has been preserved in the Beeching Typewriter Collection in Bournemouth, England.[br]Further ReadingM.H.Adler, 1973, The Writing Machine, London: Allen \& Unwin.Historische Burowelt 10 (July 1985):11 (provides brief biographical details in German with an English summary).LRDBiographical history of technology > Blickensderfer, George Canfield
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16 Norton, Charles Hotchkiss
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. 23 November 1851 Plainville, Connecticut, USAd. 27 October 1942 Plainville, Connecticut, USA[br]American mechanical engineer and machine-tool designer.[br]After an elementary education at the public schools of Plainville and Thomaston, Connecticut, Charles H.Norton started work in 1866 at the Seth Thomas Clock Company in Thomaston. He was soon promoted to machinist, and further progress led to his successive appointments as Foreman, Superintendent of Machinery and Manager of the department making tower clocks. He designed many public clocks.In 1886 he obtained a position as Assistant Engineer with the Brown \& Sharpe Manufacturing Company at Providence, Rhode Island, and was engaged in redesigning their universal grinding machine to give it more rigidity and make it more suitable for use as a production machine. In 1890 he left to become a partner in a newly established firm, Leland, Faulconer \& Norton Company at Detroit, Michigan, designing and building machine tools. He withdrew from this firm in 1895 and practised as a consulting mechanical engineer for a short time before returning to Brown \& Sharpe in 1896. There he designed a grinding machine incorporating larger and wider grinding wheels so that heavier cuts could be made to meet the needs of the mass-production industries, especially the automobile industry. This required a heavier and more rigid machine and greater power, but these ideas were not welcomed at Brown \& Sharpe and in 1900 Norton left to found the Norton Grinding Company in Worcester, Massachusetts. Here he was able to develop heavy-production grinding machines, including special machines for grinding crank-shafts and camshafts for the automobile industry.In setting up the Norton Grinding Company, Charles H.Norton received financial support from members of the Norton Emery Wheel Company (also of Worcester and known after 1906 as the Norton Company), but he was not related to the founder of that company. The two firms were completely independent until 1919 when they were merged. From that time Charles H.Norton served as Chief Engineer of the machinery division of the Norton Company, until 1934 when he became their Consulting Engineer.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsCity of Philadelphia, John Scott Medal 1925.BibliographyNorton was granted more than one hundred patents and was author of Principles of Cylindrical Grinding, 1917, 1921, Worcester, Mass.Further ReadingRobert S.Woodbury, 1959, History of the Grinding Machine, Cambridge, Mass, (contains biographical information and details of the machines designed by Norton).RTSBiographical history of technology > Norton, Charles Hotchkiss
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